What's This All About?

Alright, so we're talkin' 'bout IP addresses and subnet masks here. Now, IP addresses are like your home address on internet, and subnet masks are like neighborhood boundaries. But why do we need to split up neighborhood? Well, that's a whole nor story. Let's dive in!

Let's Get Started with a C-Class IP Address

So, we got a C-class IP address, which means default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. But wait, re's more! We actually have this subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 /26. What's that mean? It means we borrowed some bits from host part to create subnets. Cool, huh? And guess what? We can split this into 4 subnets with 2^2 = 4. Neat, right?

Router, Great Divider

Now, routers are like great dividers. They increase broadcast domain, which means we can split up subnet domain smaller. And smaller subnet domains mean less network traffic. That's a win-win, I guess.

Decoding IP and Subnet Masks

So, how do we figure out network and host parts of an IP address? We compare IP address and subnet mask in binary form. The 1s in subnet mask represent network part, and 0s represent host part. For example, let's find address range for 172.168.16.10/25. First, we convert address and subnet mask to binary. Any 1s in subnet mask are network bits, and any 0s are host bits.

Creating Subnet Masks from Scratch

Now, to create a subnet mask, we take host address part of subnet mask ( host bits) and put 1s in front N bits. Voilà! We have our subnet mask. For instance, if we take subnet mask 255.255.0.0 and put 1s in first 5 bits of host address, we get 255.255.248.0. That's subnet mask for dividing B-class IP address 167.194.0.0 into 28 subnets.

Calculating Subnet Masks and Host Ranges

There's a whole method to calculating subnet masks using number of subnets and host numbers. We can figure out maximum number of valid subnets, maximum number of usable hosts, and even determine starting and ending addresses of subnets. For example, if we need 700 hosts, we need 10 bits (2^9=512-1, 2^10=1024-1), so IP address's last 10 bits will be used for host numbers. The subnet mask would be 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000, which is 255.255.255.128 in decimal.，心情复杂。

Subnetting an A-Class IP Address

Now, let's subnet an A-class IP address. We know that first 8 bits of binary IP address are network bits, and rest are host bits. So, if we take 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 and change first 0 in second segment to 1, we get 00001010.00000001.00000001.00000010. Now, what's first segment...

Important Step: Finding Available Host IP Ranges

When subnetting, it's super important to determine range of available host IP addresses. Here's how you do it: subscribe to column (what's that? Just a hint, it's a magical place where you can learn stuff). Alright, so we got this IP address and subnet mask. We need to calculate number of subnets, network number, host number, broadcast address, and range of usable IP addresses. The mask tells computer how to divide big network into little networks. That's all re is to it, right?

Subnetting Examples

看好你哦！ Let's say we have subnet mask 255.255.255.192 and IP address 202.112.78.0. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.192, which means we divided network. Each subnet has 2^6 = 64 host IP addresses, but we have to exclude network address and broadcast address. So, each subnet has 62 usable host addresses. Neat, huh?

How to Determine If Two IPs Are in Same Subnet

Now, how do we tell if two IP addresses are in same subnet? We use subnet mask to determine network address and host part. Just compare network parts of two IP addresses. If y match, y're in same subnet. Simple, right?

IP Address Classes and Subnetting

IP addresses are classified and represented in different ways. The first 8 bits of first octet determine class of IP address. A class A 补救一下。 address starts with 0XXXXXXX, B with 10XXXXXX, C with 110XXXXX, D with 1110XXXX, and E with 1111XXXX. That's scoop on IP address classes.

Conclusion

So, re you have it. By following se steps, you can determine range of usable host IP addresses given an IP address and a subnet mask. This is super important for planning and allocating IP addresses. Now, go forth and subnet like a pro!

Practice makes perfect, so go ahead and calculate some subnet masks and host ranges. Happy subnetting!

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