名字修饰

二、引用2.1.引用的概念2.2.引用特性2.3.常引用2.4.使用场景2.5.传值、传引用效率比较2.6.引用和指针的区别

三、末尾彩蛋(带你回溯时空联想之前)

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函数重载

自然语言中一个词可以有多重含义人们可以通过上下文来判断该词真实的含义即该词被重载了。

比如以前有一个笑话国有两个体育项目大家根本不用看也不用担心。

一个是乒乓球一个是男足。

前者是“谁也赢不了”后者是“谁也赢不了

1.1.函数重载概念

函数重载是函数的一种特殊情况C允许在同一作用域中声明几个功能类似的同名函数这些同名函数的形参列表(参数个数

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类型不同:一个整形一个浮点型但是函数名相同C会自动匹配类型C却不能

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#includeiostream

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-C5G2Y99AwfxCmh4p

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

注意:返回值不同不能构成重载

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-5ROvVe9pVLQJOkka

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

#includeiostream

{func(1,2);//调用存在歧义func(10);return

}重载和缺省参数碰撞是可以构成重载的(参数个数不同)但是会出现调用歧义(当调用func(1,2)是不会出现问题的但是调用func(10),编译器就不知道调用哪个因为两个都符合调用)

名字修饰

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-IgDlrpZJpVTuCYlU

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

在C/C中一个程序要运行起来需要经历以下几个阶段预处理、编译、汇编、链接最终形成一个可执行程序

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-jgyiDpmn9o2O7DL9

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

对于C语言示例:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-NvJ68F4NqhUQYfpL

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-b6TfFW23TL49KYsc

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

对于C示例:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-7FF5YM6o64Rttmr7

.edgePath

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效果演示:

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名字修饰:

先提前说明一下这部分不懂得可以看C语言—程序环境和预处理(底层原理万字详解)

实际项目通常是由多个头文件和多个源文件构成而通过C语言阶段学习的编译链接我们可以知道【当前a.cpp中调用了b.cpp中定义的Add函数时】编译后链接前a.o的目标文件中没有Add的函数地址因为Add是在b.cpp中定义的所以Add的地址在b.o中。

那么怎么办呢

所以链接阶段就是专门处理这种问题链接器看到a.o调用Add但是没有Add的地址就会到b.o的符号表中找Add的地址然后链接到一起。

那么链接时面对Add函数链接接器会使用哪个名字去找呢这里每个编译器都有自己的函数名修饰规则。

使用g修饰后的名字通过下面我们可以看出gcc的函数修饰后名字不变。

而g的函数修饰后变成【_Z函数长度函数名类型首字母】

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采用C语言编译器编译后结果:

结论在linux下采用gcc编译完成后函数名字的修饰没有发生改变

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采用C编译器编译后结果:

结论在linux下采用g编译完成后函数名字的修饰发生改变编译器将函数参

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#includeiostream

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总结:

通过这里就理解了C语言没办法支持重载因为同名函数没办法区分。

而C是通过函数修饰规则来区分只要参数不同修饰出来的名字就不一样就支持了重载。

如果两个函数函数名和参数是一样的返回值不同是不构成重载的因为调用时编译器没办法区分。

二、引用

引用不是新定义一个变量而是给已存在变量取了一个别名编译器不会为引用变量开辟内存空间它和它引用的变量共用同一块内存空间。

引用变量名(对象名)

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.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-Xk5CnbxkJ9dXRrW7

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

示例:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-HSVQFxvtUIDl53Kg

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-DAhzskDfthD6mhgR

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

2.2.引用特性

引用在定义时必须初始化一个变量可以有多个引用引用一旦引用一个实体再不能引用其他实体

void

引用一旦引用一个实体再不能引用其他实体C的引用不可以改变指向但是Java可以

int

权限的放大:就相当于带上金箍圈的孙悟空const摘下了金箍圈变得肆无忌惮

const

权限的平移带上金箍圈无论是孙悟空还是齐天大圣它都有限制不会肆无忌惮权限的缩小本来是大闹天宫的齐天大圣被戴上了金箍圈(const)就有了限制

int

在C/C中有规定发生类型转换会产生一个临时变量例如上面这一小段代码const

int

d转换时会有一个int类型的临时变量临时变量再给rd但是临时变量具有常性int

int

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-od5A6uSy1vVbW8Dk

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

注意:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-88C9oNACiLf8qFlz

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

示例:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-fwi9lrgMDdoZIERy

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

做参数/交换两个数值:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-eNvsDaKCw8sWhA4K

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

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.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

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ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.node

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.node

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.node

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.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

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.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

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100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-hrKOwobOAVujh8xX

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

做返回值:

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

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.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

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polygon,#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

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.node

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.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

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.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

.cluster

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.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

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ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-P7Bkj13P0IFOCBah

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

传值返回:不是把n返回给ret,n在Count函数栈帧里面,函数调用结束栈帧也就销毁了

实际原理是会生成一个临时变量(可能寄存器充当也可能其他方式)n会在返回值之前拷贝给临时变量临时变量不会在Count函数的栈帧一般是在寄存器或者上一层函数的栈帧

#includeiostream

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

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.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

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.cluster-label

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.cluster-label

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.label

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polygon,#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

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.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

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.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-A2Y00tnTKbbo1joZ

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.edgeLabel

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.cluster

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.cluster

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.cluster

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:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

答可以因为空间销毁并不是这块空间就没了而是被系统回收就像酒店里的房间退房后房间不会消失而是被回收你的入住权租给别人或者空着而野指针就是退房后你还偷偷藏了房间的钥匙然后偷偷跑进房间。

但是这里不是野指针返回n的别名是不合法的

#includeiostream

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

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.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

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ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.cluster-label

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.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

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.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

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ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-da0PukUBAyf2kMsn

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

程序的结果有两种可能1和随机值------调用函数返回n的别名当int

retCount(),函数Count()栈帧已经销毁了,再去访问这块空间就会出现两种可能性第一种是1拷贝给ret还有一种可能是随机值(取决于栈帧销毁后空间是否会被置成随机值取决于编译系统)

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

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.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

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.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

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.cluster-label

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.cluster-label

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.label

text,#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

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.node

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circle,#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

.node

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.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

.node

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.node

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.edgePath

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.cluster

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.cluster

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.cluster

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ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-OkLJd2Gu4WhN4r1V

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

传引用返回第二种:

这种代表ret也是n的别名第一次访问打印ret是1第二次就变成了随机值为什么

知识点补充cout是一个函数调用(调用函数先传参)第一次先传参取到的还是1然后进行函数调用Count函数的栈帧销毁第一次函数调用占用的还是那块空间只不过可能比之前Count函数栈帧大或者小此时函数调用覆盖这块空间而ret还是这块空间的别名所以取到的就是一个随机值但也不一定是随机值当Count函数栈帧很大n在下面,就不会被覆盖

#includeiostream

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.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

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.cluster-label

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.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

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#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-F70IstTxAqNApYov

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-vXURBsgVO5jvN6ji

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

例题及构图解析:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ZiG1vprSjeUoBL3X

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

注意:

注意如果函数返回时出了函数作用域如果返回对象还在(还没还给系统)则可以使用引用返回如果已经还给系统了则必须使用传值返回。

2.5.传值、传引用效率比较

以值作为参数或者返回值类型在传参和返回期间函数不会直接传递实参或者将变量本身直接返回而是传递实参或者返回变量的一份临时的拷贝因此用值作为参数或者返回值类型效率是非常低下的尤其是当参数或者返回值类型非常大时效率就更低

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-leDGTMxhM0skJVmJ

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

#includeiostream

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-d52zYCPzBRNKSKLb

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ipY2SELxKLq3CQ1d

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

#includeiostream

{TestReturnByRefOrValue();return

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-fRn2t07PAH0ywGuY

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

通过上述代码的比较发现传值和指针在作为传参以及返回值类型上效率相差很大。

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ckVWaIsHX9ahK6f7

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

总结:

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-GFhns3RjUh5TdiWU

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

在语法概念上引用就是一个别名,没有独立空间,和其引用实体共用同一块空间:

#includeiostream

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.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-fsyKgpDoX9eaoApJ

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

#includeiostream

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-GjMKqqA2xlWZxqwm

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

引用概念上定义一个变量的别名指针存储一个变量地址。

引用在定义时必须初始化指针没有要求引用在初始化时引用一个实体后就不能再引用其他实体而指针可以在任何时候指向任何一个同类型实体没有NULL引用但有NULL指针在sizeof中含义不同引用结果为引用类型的大小但指针始终是地址空间所占字节个数(32位平台下占4个字节)引用自加即引用的实体增加1指针自加即指针向后偏移一个类型的大小有多级指针但是没有多级引用访问实体方式不同指针需要显式解引用引用编译器自己处理引用比指针使用起来相对更安全

三、末尾彩蛋(带你回溯时空联想之前)

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-yUujpV7JUwd6EICY

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

C设计顺序表部分接口

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.cluster

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

.cluster

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80,

100%,

#aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-KDTzH2pHE4KGfW9Y

:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

C设计顺序表部分接口

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.cluster-label

text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.cluster-label

span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.label

text,#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

rect,#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

circle,#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

ellipse,#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

polygon,#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node

.label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edgePath

.path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.edgeLabel

rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.cluster

rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yrKm332UApKxZA3F

.cluster

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.cluster

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100%,

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:root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet

效果演示:

读取i位置减少了拷贝返回此时位置的别名修改i位置数组中第i个位置的值出了作用域肯定还在因为结构体在外面不在函数的栈帧里面所以存在出了作用域不会销毁得到它的别名后通过赋值加加等就会修改如果不用引用返回的就是它的临时拷贝打印是没有问题的修改却是不可以的因为临时对象具有常性不能修改