扩展想法#xff1a;可以利用它实现一个小的接口测试工具#xff08;例如#xff1a;postman#xff09;、分布式微服务快速开发的调用个接口的框架工具。

1.1

扩展想法可以利用它实现一个小的接口测试工具例如postman、分布式微服务快速开发的调用个接口的框架工具。

1.1

其实应用程序本身并未实现这些功能都是在应用程序里访问提供这些功能的服务访问这些服务需要发送HTTP请求并且接收响应数据可通过HttpClient来实现。

dependencygroupIdorg.apache.httpcomponents/groupIdartifactIdhttpclient/artifactIdversion4.5.13/version

/dependency

HttpClientHttp客户端对象类型使用该类型对象可发起Http请求。

HttpClients可认为是构建器可创建HttpClient对象。

CloseableHttpClient实现类实现了HttpClient接口。

HttpClient发送请求步骤

对HttpClient编程工具包有了一定了解后那么我们使用HttpClient在Java程序当中来构造Http的请求并且把请求发送出去接下来就通过入门案例分别发送GET请求和POST请求具体来学习一下它的使用方法。

1.2.1

如果在项目中已经引入了aliyun-sdk-oss坐标也可以直接使用已经集成了它的坐标。

dependencygroupIdcom.aliyun.oss/groupIdartifactIdaliyun-sdk-oss/artifactId

/dependency

在访问自己的http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status请求时需要提前启动项目。

import

com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import

org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import

org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import

org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import

org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import

org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;//SpringBootTest

public

测试通过httpclient发送GET方式的请求*/Testpublic

void

Exception{//创建httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient

httpClient

HttpClients.createDefault();//创建请求对象//HttpGet

httpGet

HttpGet(http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status);HttpGet

httpGet

HttpGet(http://www.baidu.com/);//发送请求接受响应结果CloseableHttpResponse

response

httpClient.execute(httpGet);//获取服务端返回的状态码int

statusCode

response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();System.out.println(服务端返回的状态码为

entity

EntityUtils.toString(entity);System.out.println(服务端返回的数据为

body);//关闭资源response.close();httpClient.close();}测试结果

1.2.2

在HttpClientTest中添加POST方式请求方法相比GET请求来说POST请求若携带参数需要封装请求体对象并将该对象设置在请求对象中。

实现步骤

测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求*/Testpublic

void

创建httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient

httpClient

HttpClients.createDefault();//创建请求对象HttpPost

httpPost

HttpPost(http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login);//构造接口请求参数JSONObject

jsonObject

JSONObject();jsonObject.put(username,admin);jsonObject.put(password,123456);StringEntity

entity

StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());//指定请求编码方式entity.setContentEncoding(utf-8);//数据格式entity.setContentType(application/json);httpPost.setEntity(entity);//发送请求CloseableHttpResponse

response

httpClient.execute(httpPost);//解析返回结果int

statusCode

response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();System.out.println(响应码为

entity1

EntityUtils.toString(entity1);System.out.println(响应数据为

body);//关闭资源response.close();httpClient.close();}

测试结果

com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import

org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;

import

org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import

org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import

org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;

import

org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import

org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import

org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import

org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import

org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import

创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient

httpClient

{builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));}}URI

uri

​//判断响应状态if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()

200){result

EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),UTF-8);}}catch

(Exception

e){e.printStackTrace();}finally

{try

{response.close();httpClient.close();}

catch

创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient

httpClient

HttpClients.createDefault();CloseableHttpResponse

response

BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(),

entity

UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);httpPost.setEntity(entity);}

​httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

​//

EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),

UTF-8);}

创建Httpclient对象CloseableHttpClient

httpClient

HttpClients.createDefault();CloseableHttpResponse

response

{jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());}StringEntity

entity

StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),utf-8);//设置请求编码entity.setContentEncoding(utf-8);//设置数据类型entity.setContentType(application/json);httpPost.setEntity(entity);}

​httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

​//

EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),

UTF-8);}

RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();}